Integrand size = 24, antiderivative size = 124 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a+b x^2\right ) \left (c+d x^2\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=-\frac {d}{c (b c-a d) x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}-\frac {(b c-2 a d) \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a c^2 (b c-a d) x}-\frac {b^2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {b c-a d} x}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c+d x^2}}\right )}{a^{3/2} (b c-a d)^{3/2}} \]
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Time = 0.08 (sec) , antiderivative size = 124, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 5, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.208, Rules used = {483, 597, 12, 385, 211} \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a+b x^2\right ) \left (c+d x^2\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=-\frac {b^2 \arctan \left (\frac {x \sqrt {b c-a d}}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c+d x^2}}\right )}{a^{3/2} (b c-a d)^{3/2}}-\frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2} (b c-2 a d)}{a c^2 x (b c-a d)}-\frac {d}{c x \sqrt {c+d x^2} (b c-a d)} \]
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Rule 12
Rule 211
Rule 385
Rule 483
Rule 597
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {d}{c (b c-a d) x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}+\frac {\int \frac {b c-2 a d-2 b d x^2}{x^2 \left (a+b x^2\right ) \sqrt {c+d x^2}} \, dx}{c (b c-a d)} \\ & = -\frac {d}{c (b c-a d) x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}-\frac {(b c-2 a d) \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a c^2 (b c-a d) x}-\frac {\int \frac {b^2 c^2}{\left (a+b x^2\right ) \sqrt {c+d x^2}} \, dx}{a c^2 (b c-a d)} \\ & = -\frac {d}{c (b c-a d) x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}-\frac {(b c-2 a d) \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a c^2 (b c-a d) x}-\frac {b^2 \int \frac {1}{\left (a+b x^2\right ) \sqrt {c+d x^2}} \, dx}{a (b c-a d)} \\ & = -\frac {d}{c (b c-a d) x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}-\frac {(b c-2 a d) \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a c^2 (b c-a d) x}-\frac {b^2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a-(-b c+a d) x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {c+d x^2}}\right )}{a (b c-a d)} \\ & = -\frac {d}{c (b c-a d) x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}-\frac {(b c-2 a d) \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a c^2 (b c-a d) x}-\frac {b^2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b c-a d} x}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c+d x^2}}\right )}{a^{3/2} (b c-a d)^{3/2}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.39 (sec) , antiderivative size = 127, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.02 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a+b x^2\right ) \left (c+d x^2\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {-b c \left (c+d x^2\right )+a d \left (c+2 d x^2\right )}{a c^2 (b c-a d) x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}+\frac {b^2 \arctan \left (\frac {a \sqrt {d}+b x \left (\sqrt {d} x-\sqrt {c+d x^2}\right )}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b c-a d}}\right )}{a^{3/2} (b c-a d)^{3/2}} \]
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Time = 3.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 107, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.86
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {-\frac {\sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}{a x}-\frac {d^{2} x}{\left (a d -b c \right ) \sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}+\frac {b^{2} c^{2} \operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}\, a}{x \sqrt {\left (a d -b c \right ) a}}\right )}{\left (a d -b c \right ) a \sqrt {\left (a d -b c \right ) a}}}{c^{2}}\) | \(107\) |
risch | \(-\frac {\sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}{c^{2} a x}-\frac {b \,d^{2} \sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-c d}}{d}\right )^{2}+2 \sqrt {-c d}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-c d}}{d}\right )}}{2 c^{2} \left (b \sqrt {-c d}+d \sqrt {-a b}\right ) \left (b \sqrt {-c d}-d \sqrt {-a b}\right ) \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-c d}}{d}\right )}-\frac {b \,d^{2} \sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-c d}}{d}\right )^{2}-2 \sqrt {-c d}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-c d}}{d}\right )}}{2 c^{2} \left (b \sqrt {-c d}+d \sqrt {-a b}\right ) \left (b \sqrt {-c d}-d \sqrt {-a b}\right ) \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-c d}}{d}\right )}+\frac {b^{3} d \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (b \sqrt {-c d}+d \sqrt {-a b}\right ) \left (b \sqrt {-c d}-d \sqrt {-a b}\right ) \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}-\frac {b^{3} d \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (b \sqrt {-c d}+d \sqrt {-a b}\right ) \left (b \sqrt {-c d}-d \sqrt {-a b}\right ) \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}\) | \(623\) |
default | \(\frac {-\frac {1}{c x \sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}-\frac {2 d x}{c^{2} \sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}}{a}-\frac {b \left (-\frac {b}{\left (a d -b c \right ) \sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (2 d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{\left (a d -b c \right ) \left (-\frac {4 d \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}+\frac {4 d^{2} a}{b}\right ) \sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}+\frac {b \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right )}{\left (a d -b c \right ) \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {-a b}}+\frac {b \left (-\frac {b}{\left (a d -b c \right ) \sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (2 d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{\left (a d -b c \right ) \left (-\frac {4 d \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}+\frac {4 d^{2} a}{b}\right ) \sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}+\frac {b \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right )}{\left (a d -b c \right ) \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {-a b}}\) | \(779\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 260 vs. \(2 (110) = 220\).
Time = 0.34 (sec) , antiderivative size = 560, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.52 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a+b x^2\right ) \left (c+d x^2\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\left [\frac {{\left (b^{2} c^{2} d x^{3} + b^{2} c^{3} x\right )} \sqrt {-a b c + a^{2} d} \log \left (\frac {{\left (b^{2} c^{2} - 8 \, a b c d + 8 \, a^{2} d^{2}\right )} x^{4} + a^{2} c^{2} - 2 \, {\left (3 \, a b c^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c d\right )} x^{2} - 4 \, {\left ({\left (b c - 2 \, a d\right )} x^{3} - a c x\right )} \sqrt {-a b c + a^{2} d} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{b^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, a b x^{2} + a^{2}}\right ) - 4 \, {\left (a b^{2} c^{3} - 2 \, a^{2} b c^{2} d + a^{3} c d^{2} + {\left (a b^{2} c^{2} d - 3 \, a^{2} b c d^{2} + 2 \, a^{3} d^{3}\right )} x^{2}\right )} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{4 \, {\left ({\left (a^{2} b^{2} c^{4} d - 2 \, a^{3} b c^{3} d^{2} + a^{4} c^{2} d^{3}\right )} x^{3} + {\left (a^{2} b^{2} c^{5} - 2 \, a^{3} b c^{4} d + a^{4} c^{3} d^{2}\right )} x\right )}}, -\frac {{\left (b^{2} c^{2} d x^{3} + b^{2} c^{3} x\right )} \sqrt {a b c - a^{2} d} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a b c - a^{2} d} {\left ({\left (b c - 2 \, a d\right )} x^{2} - a c\right )} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{2 \, {\left ({\left (a b c d - a^{2} d^{2}\right )} x^{3} + {\left (a b c^{2} - a^{2} c d\right )} x\right )}}\right ) + 2 \, {\left (a b^{2} c^{3} - 2 \, a^{2} b c^{2} d + a^{3} c d^{2} + {\left (a b^{2} c^{2} d - 3 \, a^{2} b c d^{2} + 2 \, a^{3} d^{3}\right )} x^{2}\right )} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{2 \, {\left ({\left (a^{2} b^{2} c^{4} d - 2 \, a^{3} b c^{3} d^{2} + a^{4} c^{2} d^{3}\right )} x^{3} + {\left (a^{2} b^{2} c^{5} - 2 \, a^{3} b c^{4} d + a^{4} c^{3} d^{2}\right )} x\right )}}\right ] \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a+b x^2\right ) \left (c+d x^2\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{x^{2} \left (a + b x^{2}\right ) \left (c + d x^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a+b x^2\right ) \left (c+d x^2\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (b x^{2} + a\right )} {\left (d x^{2} + c\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}} x^{2}} \,d x } \]
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Time = 0.76 (sec) , antiderivative size = 152, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.23 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a+b x^2\right ) \left (c+d x^2\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=-\frac {b^{2} \sqrt {d} \arctan \left (-\frac {{\left (\sqrt {d} x - \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}\right )}^{2} b - b c + 2 \, a d}{2 \, \sqrt {a b c d - a^{2} d^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {a b c d - a^{2} d^{2}} {\left (a b c - a^{2} d\right )}} + \frac {d^{2} x}{{\left (b c^{3} - a c^{2} d\right )} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}} + \frac {2 \, \sqrt {d}}{{\left ({\left (\sqrt {d} x - \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}\right )}^{2} - c\right )} a c} \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a+b x^2\right ) \left (c+d x^2\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{x^2\,\left (b\,x^2+a\right )\,{\left (d\,x^2+c\right )}^{3/2}} \,d x \]
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